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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

Learn more about symptoms, risk factors and treatment options.

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What is it?

IBS is a common disorder that impacts the stomach and intestines. it involves cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, constipation and diarrhea. While it causes discomfort and stress, it does not permanently harm the intestines or lead to more serious disease. As many as 1 in 5 people in the U.S. have symptoms of IBS.

 

Symptoms

Symptoms of IBS include:

  • Abdominal cramping 
  • Abdominal pain or discomfort 
  • Bloating 
  • Constipation 
  • Diarrhea 
  • Gas 
  • Irregular bowel habits 

 

When to see a doctor

Occasional abdominal stress often resolves on its own. If you have symptoms of IBS that are negatively impacting your daily activities, it’s time to see a doctor. There are many treatment options available.

 

Causes and risk factors

While the exact cause of IBS is unknown, it has been linked to diet, stress and infection. IBS occurs more often in women than in men, and it begins before the age of 35 in about 50% of people.

 

Risk factors for developing IBS include:

  • Stress
  • Poor eating habits
  • Poor bowel habits
  • Having infectious or traveler’s diarrhea

 

Treatment options

You may be able to control your IBS symptoms through:

  • Dietary changes
  • Over-the-counter treatments (fiber supplements or probiotics)
  • Prescription medications
  • Lifestyle changes to manage and reduce stress

Testing

Your doctor can help you determine if you have IBS. They may recommend the following tests or procedures:

  • Blood tests
  • Hydrogen breath test for lactose intolerance
  • Imaging tests (ultrasound, x-ray, CT scan, MRI scan)
  • Stool tests
  • Colonoscopy

 

Prevention

You may not be able to prevent IBS, but maintaining a balanced diet and avoiding triggers may help.

Additional conditions

Esophageal Cancer

Hepatitis C

Hepatitis B