Constipation is the passage of hard, dry bowel movements, or less frequent movements, often less than 3 times a week. If you’re constipated, you may find it difficult and painful to have a bowel movement.
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Constipation
Learn more about symptoms, risk factors and treatment options.
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What is it?
Symptoms
Symptoms of constipation include:
- Bloating
- Gas
- Infrequent or hard bowel movements
- Rectal pain or bleeding
When to see a doctor
You should see a doctor if you have constipation along with:
- Symptoms lasting longer than 3 weeks
- Symptoms that impact everyday activities
- Bleeding from your rectum or blood on toilet tissue
- Blood in your stools or black stools
- Unusual changes in the shape of color of stools
- Stomach pain
- Weight loss
Causes and risk factors
Certain lifestyle factors, medications, diet and even blockages in the colon or rectum can cause constipation.
Risk factors for constipation include:
- Inadequate intake of dietary fiber or water
- Medications, like pain or high blood pressure medicines
- Lack of exercise
- Travel
- Other medical problems
Treatment options
If you have constipation, treatment may include the following:
- Follow a special diet high in fiber
- Drink plenty of fluids
- Take over-the-counter laxatives or stool softeners as needed
- Incorporate probiotics into your diet
- Treat underlying medical conditions, if necessary
Testing
Your doctor can help you determine if you have constipation. They may recommend the following tests and procedures:
- Anorectal manometry
- Blood tests
- Imaging tests (ultrasound, x-ray, CT scan, MRI scan)
- Stool tests
- Colonoscopy
Prevention
The following tips can help you avoid developing constipation.
- Eat plenty of foods high in fiber
- Limit processed foods, dairy and meats
- Stay hydrated
- Exercise
- Don’t ignore the urge to pass stool